Explain the kipande system.

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The Kipande system was a pass system introduced by the British colonial government in Kenya in the early 1900's.

Here’s what it involved:

1. Identity Document:

- The Kipande was a metal or paper document placed in a tin container and worn on a string around the neck.

- It showed important information like the person’s name, tribe, job, employer and where they were allowed to go.

2. Who Had to Carry It?

- All African men who worked or moved from one place to another were forced to carry a Kipande.

- Women and Europeans did not have to carry it.

3. Purpose of the Kipande:

- The British used the Kipande system to control the movement of African workers.

- It also helped them to monitor employment, collect taxes and prevent resistance.

4. Effect on Africans:

- Africans found the system unfair and humiliating.

- They were often punished or arrested if they were caught without their Kipande.

- It limited their freedom and made many feel like they were not trusted in their own country.

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